Read About Lymphoma Testing Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches

Lymphoma includes several different types, broadly classified as Hodgkin lymphoma and non Hodgkin lymphoma. Because enlarged lymph nodes and related symptoms can have causes other than lymphoma, healthcare professionals use several tests to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Lymphoma Testing and Diagnosis

The diagnostic process generally begins with a medical history and physical examination. A healthcare professional may examine lymph nodes and assess areas such as the spleen and liver. Blood tests can provide information about blood cell counts and organ function, but blood tests alone generally cannot confirm lymphoma.

A biopsy is commonly important when lymphoma is suspected because tissue can be examined by a pathologist. Depending on the situation, an excisional, incisional, or core needle biopsy may be considered. Laboratory testing of biopsy material can include immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and other specialized tests to help identify the lymphoma type.

Common diagnostic and staging approaches include:

• Physical examination and review of medical history
• Blood tests such as a complete blood count and blood chemistry testing
• Lymph node or tissue biopsy
• Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry
• CT, PET, MRI, or ultrasound imaging when appropriate
• Bone marrow testing or other procedures when clinically indicated

Lymphoma Treatment Approaches

Treatment is selected according to factors such as the specific lymphoma type, stage, disease characteristics, symptoms, and overall health. Some lymphomas may require immediate treatment, while certain slower growing lymphomas may sometimes be monitored before treatment is started.

Treatment approaches may include:

• Chemotherapy: Uses medicines designed to destroy or control cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Uses medicines that help the immune system recognize or attack lymphoma cells.
• Targeted therapy: Focuses on particular characteristics or molecules associated with lymphoma cells.
• Radiation therapy: Uses high energy radiation to treat lymphoma in selected areas.
• Stem cell transplantation: May be considered for certain lymphoma types or situations, particularly when intensive treatment is appropriate.
• Supportive care: Helps manage symptoms, treatment effects, and overall wellbeing during care.

The treatment plan can change as doctors evaluate how the lymphoma responds. Imaging studies such as PET or CT scans may be used to assess disease extent or treatment response in appropriate situations.

Understanding lymphoma testing, diagnosis, and treatment approaches can help individuals have informed discussions with their healthcare team. Because lymphoma has many different forms, diagnostic procedures and treatment plans should be determined by qualified healthcare professionals based on the individual clinical situation.