Judicial independence refers to the freedom of the judiciary from external influence or pressure, particularly from the executive and legislative branches. This independence allows judges to make decisions based solely on law, facts, and constitutional principles without fear or favoritism. It is ensured through secure tenure, fixed salaries, and a defined procedure for removal of judges. Judicial independence is essential for fair administration of justice and for protecting fundamental rights. Without independence, the judiciary cannot effectively check misuse of power or ensure equality before the law.