The Indian national movement developed gradually as educated Indians began demanding political rights and representation. The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 played a key role in uniting leaders across regions. Initially moderate in approach, the movement later adopted mass participation strategies. Leaders emphasized self rule, civil rights, and national unity. Over time, the movement expanded to include workers, peasants, and women, transforming it into a broad struggle that challenged colonial authority through political mobilization and public participation.