Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of countries through trade, technology, communication, and cultural exchange. It has significantly shaped international relations by increasing economic interdependence and diplomatic engagement among nations. Countries now rely on global supply chains, international markets, and multilateral institutions, which encourages cooperation but can also create competition and conflict. Globalization has facilitated faster information exchange and global problem-solving, especially in areas like climate change and health. However, it has also raised concerns about inequality, national sovereignty, and cultural identity in many regions.