Map projections are methods used to transfer the curved surface of the Earth onto a flat map. Because the Earth is round, it is impossible to represent it on a flat surface without some distortion. Projections are necessary to show the entire world or large regions in a usable format. Different projections preserve different properties, such as shape, area, distance, or direction. As a result, some maps may distort size while others distort shape. Understanding projections helps readers interpret maps more accurately and recognize their limitations.